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Question

Which of the following has the highest kinetic energy?


A

particles of ice 0°C

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B

particles of water at 0°C

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C

particles of water at hundred degrees Celsius

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D

particles of steam at a hundred degrees Celsius

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Solution

The correct option is D

particles of steam at a hundred degrees Celsius


Explanation for the correct option

(D) Particles of steam at a hundred degrees Celsius

Kinetic energy

  • The freedom and motion of molecules are related to kinetic energy.
  • For solids, it is least, but for gases, it is highest.
  • The second aspect for the same state of matter is temperature dependent.
  • Higher kinetic energy results from higher temperature.
  • The kinetic energy increases as the inter-molecular distance increases.

Particles of steam

  • Steam particles will have the highest kinetic energy at 100°C.
  • Gases make up steam, and the gas particles in steam are quite far apart from one another.
  • Gas particles move very quickly when heated.
  • Therefore, its kinetic energy is maximum.

Explanation for incorrect options

  • Particles of steam at 100°C have the highest kinetic energy.
  • Hence all other options (A), (B) and (C) are incorrect.

Therefore, the correct option is (D) Particles of steam at a hundred degrees Celsius.


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