Which of the following statement is true for aldehydes and ketones?

Aldehydes are considered as subsets of ketones.

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The carbonyl group for aldehydes is always at the end of the molecule.

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Aldehydes are formed only for carbon compounds with less than 5 carbon atoms.

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Both exhibit similar physical properties.

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Solution

The correct option is B The carbonyl group for aldehydes is always at the end of the molecule.
A carbonyl group is a functional group, where a carbon atom is double bonded to an oxygen atom. Both aldehydes and ketones contain carbonyl groups. However, the difference between an aldehyde and a ketone is that, in an aldehyde, a hydrogen atom is attached to the C=O double bond which makes the functional group to be found at the end of the molecule.

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Aldehydes and ketones both contain the carbonyl group.

The most characteristic reaction of aldehyde and ketones is nucleophilic addition to carbon oxygen double bond. Aldehyde and ketones are easily susceptible to nucleophilic addition because of structural features. The trigonal planar arrangement of groups around the carbonyl carbon atom means that the carbonyl carbon atom is relatively open to attack from above and below the plane of carbonyl group. The partial positive charge on the carbonyl atom means that it is especially susceptible to attack by a nucleophile

Oximes are formed by the reaction of aldehyde or ketones with

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Q. Assertion :Ketones are less electrophilic than aldehydes. Reason: The positive inductive effect of the second alkyl radical reinforces that of the first one decreasing still further the partial positive charge on the carbonyl carbon atom.This reduces the attraction of the atom for nucleophilic reagents. Hence ketones are less electrophilic.

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