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Question

Write chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs.
a. Pent2one and pent3one
b. Propanal and benzaldehyde
c. Ethanol and ethanoic acid.

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Solution


(i) Distinguish between pentane-z-one and pentane-z-one.
Penta-z-one and pentane-z-one can be distinguished by Iodoform test.
Pentan-z-one reacts to Indoform test as pentane-z-one is a methyl ketone.
Pentan-z-one does not react to Iodoform test
(ii) Distinguish between propanal and benzaldehyde propanal and benzaldehyde both being aldehydes reacts to toll ends test but gives different products.
Propanal reduces Tollen's reagent and becomes propanoate in and leaving silver mirror.
CH3CH2+2[Ag(NH3)2]++3OHCH3CH2COO+Ag+4NH3+2H2O
Propanal Tollens reagent propanateion silver mirror ammonia water
Benzaldehyde reduces Tollen's reagent and becomes Benzoate ion by giving a red brown precipitate of Cu2O.
C6H5CHO+2[Ag(NH3)2]++3OHC6H5COO+Ag+4NH3+2H2O
Benzaldehyde Tollen's reagent Benzaateion Silver mirror amoonia water
(iii) Distinguish between ethanol and ethanoic acid. Ethnol do not reach with sodium bicarbonate where as ethanoic acid reacts with sodium bicarbonate to give CO2.
C2H5OH+NaHCO3 No reaction
Ethanol Sodium bicarbonate
CH3COOH+NaHCO3CH3COONa+H2O+CO2
Ethanic acid Sodium sodium water carbon
bicarbonate acetate dioxide

982352_1078039_ans_d8425417babd4132a5bff1c3d027c49e.jpg

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