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Question
Write short notes on the following.
Mangrove vegetation.
Mangrove vegetation.
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Solution
Mangrove vegetation: Halophytes are special types of plants, which grow in saline soils. The soil has high concentrations of sodium chloride, magnesium sulphate and magnesium chloride. The plants that grow in saline and marshy soil are called halophytes.
General characters of Halophytes:
1. Halophytes of sub-tropical places are herbs, while those in tropical zone are shrubs and trees.
2. The roots do not penetrate much deeper into the soil.
3. Adventitious roots that develop from the main stems of halophytes, support these plants after entering into the soil.
4. A special type of root system develops from mangrove plants called respiratory roots or pneumetophores. These are negatively geotropic roots. Each root is provided with numerous pores, called lenticels towards the upper end for the exchange of O2 and CO2.
5. The stem of some plants are fleshy and covered with hairs.
6. The leaves of halophytes are absent or little developed and fleshy.
7. A thick cuticle is found on the epidermis of stems and leaves.
8. The rate of evaporation is very less in these plants.
9. Carbonic acid is formed during respiration, due to special metabolic activities.
10. Mangrove plants show a special type of germination of their seeds known as vivipary. The seeds germinates inside the fruit, which is still attached to the parent tree. When germinated, seeds fall on the soil, it begins their development soon, e.g. Rhizophora and Sonneratia.
General characters of Halophytes:
1. Halophytes of sub-tropical places are herbs, while those in tropical zone are shrubs and trees.
2. The roots do not penetrate much deeper into the soil.
3. Adventitious roots that develop from the main stems of halophytes, support these plants after entering into the soil.
4. A special type of root system develops from mangrove plants called respiratory roots or pneumetophores. These are negatively geotropic roots. Each root is provided with numerous pores, called lenticels towards the upper end for the exchange of O2 and CO2.
5. The stem of some plants are fleshy and covered with hairs.
6. The leaves of halophytes are absent or little developed and fleshy.
7. A thick cuticle is found on the epidermis of stems and leaves.
8. The rate of evaporation is very less in these plants.
9. Carbonic acid is formed during respiration, due to special metabolic activities.
10. Mangrove plants show a special type of germination of their seeds known as vivipary. The seeds germinates inside the fruit, which is still attached to the parent tree. When germinated, seeds fall on the soil, it begins their development soon, e.g. Rhizophora and Sonneratia.
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