Question

Write the full form of RuBP, PGA, DPGA, and PGAL.

Answer 1

The full form of RuBP, PGA, DPGA, and PGAL are given below:

1. RUBP stands for Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP).
2. PGA stands for 3-Phosphoglyceric acid.
3. DPGA stands for diphosphoglycerate.
4. PGAL stands for Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.

These enzymes play important role in the Calvin cycle:

1. Calvin cycle is the process that produces carbohydrates driven by ATP and NADPH, and CO₂ which plants take up from the atmosphere.
2. Carbon dioxide reacts with ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) with the cooperation of the catalyst ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase(RuBisCO).
3. This starts three rounds of cyclical reactions in which three CO₂ molecules are converted into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (PGAL), which is converted into fats, proteins, and carbohydrates.
4. The enzyme ribulose- 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, also known as RuBisCO, is responsible for carrying out the carboxylation phase in the Calvin cycle (rubisco).
5. This enzyme creates 3-phosphoglycerate by combining ribulose- 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) and carbon dioxide dissolved in the cytosol.
6. The 3-phosphoglycerate kinase converts the 3-PGA into 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate by phosphating it with an ATP phosphate.
7. In order to create glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (PGAL), NADP takes hydrogen from NADPH and mixes it with the 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate.
8. RuBP is refreshed at the end of each cycle and the used-up ATP and NADPH are converted to ADP and NADP⁺, respectively, which are used for the light-dependent reactions.