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Question

An electric dipole is kept in a non-uniform electric field. It experiences___________.


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Solution

Electric dipole

  1. When two opposite charges of the same value are placed at a distance, then the system is called a dipole.
  2. The dipole moment of a dipole is defined by the form, P=QL, where, Q is the charge of the dipole and Lis the distance between them.

Diagram

Dipole in a non-uniform electric field

  1. A non-uniform electric field in a place is the electric field that varies at every point of the place with respect to time.
  2. In a non-uniform electric field, the force exerted on the charge +q is not equal to the force exerted on the charge -q. That's why the net force exerted on the dipole is not zero.
  3. Again due to opposite charges on the dipole it experiences a torque for the non-uniform electric field, as shown in the below figure.

Diagram

torque and the net force on the dipole

Therefore, in a non-uniform electric field, the dipole experiences a torque as well as a force.


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