Answer the following by using the term which is used for describing a chromosome having a centromere at its middle.
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Solution
Chromosomes:
Waldeyer used the term chromosome to describe the condensed form of chromatin material contained in the nucleus of the cell that is generated during cell division.
The mitotic metaphase stage of cell division is best for measuring chromosomal size, which ranges from 3 to 12 microns in different organisms.
The chromatid is the DNA-containing portion of chromosomes that runs longitudinally.
Two chromatids are present in metaphase and are connected to centromeres.
The following are the divisions of monocentric chromosomes based on the position of the centromere:
Telocentric: Chromosomes are single-armed chromosomes with the centromere at one end.
During anaphase, they appear as 'I' or 'Rod-shaped chromosomes.
Acrocentric: They have two unequal arms, and the centromere lies close to one end of the chromosome during anaphase, forming a 'j' shape.
Sub-metacentric: They produce unequal arms as well, with the centromere situated slightly out from the chromosome's center.
During anaphases, they take the shape of an ‘L.’
Metacentric: During anaphase, the centromere of the chromosome is situated in the center, generating two equal arms that form a 'V' shape.
As a result, the word "metacentric" is used to describe a chromosome with the centromere in the center.
