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Question

Are hormones always proteins?


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Solution

Hormones

  • Hormones are classified as either lipid-based, amino acid-based, or peptide-based.
  • Lipid-based hormones are largely made up of cholesterol, hence their structure is similar.
  • The amino acids tyrosine and tryptophan are commonly used to make amino acid hormones.
  • Tiny-chain polypeptides, or small or big proteins, are used to make peptide hormones.
  • Polypeptides such as oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH), tiny proteins such as growth hormones, large glycoproteins such as follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and proteins synthesized in cell vesicles such as insulin are among them.
  • They are chemical messengers.

Are hormones proteins or not?

  • No, not all the hormones are proteins.
  • Example sex hormones.
  • The primary female sex hormone produced by ovarian follicles is estradiol.
  • At puberty, they encourage the growth of female secondary sex characteristics, retaining them later in life during the reproductive years of adulthood.
  • Along with the anterior pituitary's gonadotropic hormones, they also control the menstrual cycle.
  • Since it lacks a proteinaceous character, estradiol is not a protein hormone.

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