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Question

Arrange the following elements in the order of negative inductive effect :NH3+,NO2,CN,CHO,CO,COOH,CONH2,F,Cl,Br,I,OH,OR,NH2,COCl,C6H5,HSO3H


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Solution

Inductive effect:

  • Whenever an electron-releasing or electron-drawing entity is inserted into an atom chain (typically a carbon chain), the atoms that belong to it convey the associated negative or positive charge across the carbon chain.
  • The creation of a constant dipole in the molecule causes the inductive effect.

Negative Inductive Effect:

  • Whenever an electronegative component, such as a halogen, is introduced into a chain of atoms (often carbon atoms), the imbalanced sharing of electrons yielded a positive charge that is carried throughout the chain.
  • The ensuing action is known as the electron-withdrawing inductive effect, or the -I effect, since it causes the formation of an irreversible dipole in the molecule, with the electronegative atom carrying a negative charge.

Arranging in the order of negative inductive effect:

  • The lower the pull of the negative Inductive effect, the higher the electronegativity of the functional group linked.
  • NH3+>NO2>SO3H>CHO>CO>COOH>COCl>CONH2>F>Cl>Br>I>OH>OR>NH2>C6H5>H

So order of negative inductive effect is NH3+>NO2>SO3H>CHO>CO>COOH>COCl>CONH2>F>Cl>Br>I>OH>OR>NH2>C6H5>H


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