Question

Describe the working of paramagnetism.

Answer 1

Working of paramagnetism:

1. The atom of a paramagnetic substance possesses magnetic moment due to the orbit motion of the unpaired electron in the atom or due to the spin motion of electrons.
2. The interaction between the atomic magnetic dipoles of the paramagnetic substances is very weak. Their atomic magnetic dipoles are randomly oriented.
3. When the external magnetic field is applied, the field tries to align the magnetic dipoles in its own direction but the thermal agitation hampers the alignment and the magnetic dipoles try to go In random directions.
4. When the temperature is low and the applied magnetic field is increased, more and more magnetic dipoles align themselves along the direction of the applied magnetic field.
5. For paramagnetic materials, it is observed that before saturation occurs, The intensity of magnetization of the material is directly proportional to the magnetic intensity and inversely proportional to the absolute temperature of the material.

When a paramagnetic material is placed inside a magnetic field, the magnetic field lines become slightly more dense in the paramagnetic material.