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Question

Describe with a suitable diagram the Deacon process of manufacturing chlorine. Write its reaction with ammonia.


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Solution

Part -1: About Deacon's process

Deacon’s process: The process to obtain chlorine gas (Cl2 ) by oxidising hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas with oxygen in the presence of Copper(II) chloride (CuCl2) as a catalyst at 723 K.

Diagram of Deacon's process :

In Deacon's process, hydrogen chloride is passed into a blast furnace and burnt with air to produce chlorine and heat. It is a two-step process:

  1. At elevated temperature (above 500K), HCl is added to the vessel containing the transition metal catalyst and after reaction, we get metal chloride.
  2. Upon passing oxygen over the metal chloride, chlorine gas (Cl2) evolved.

Chlorine is prepared by oxidation of hydrogen chloride gas by atmospheric oxygen in the presence of CuCl2 (catalyst) at 723K.

4HClgHydrogenchloride+O2gOxygen723KCuCl22Cl2(g)Chlorine+2H2Olwater

The chlorine gas is produced in the product.

Part-2: Reactions of chlorine with ammonia:

  1. An excess of ammonia: When chlorine is reacted with an excess of ammonia, Ammonium chloride is the product, and nitrogen gas is evolved.

Error converting from MathML to accessible text.

2. Excess of chlorine: When an excess of chlorine is reacted with ammonia, Nitrogen trichloride, and hydrogen chloride are formed.

3Cl2gchlorine+NH3gammoniaNCl3lnitrogentrichloride+3HCllHydrogenchloride


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