Question

Draw the electron dot structure of ${\mathrm{H}}_2$?

Answer 1

Electron dot structure:

• Electron dot structures or Lewis dot formulas can only be drawn if the molecular formula of the compound is fully known.
• It can be defined as the nature of the bond and position of atoms of the molecule which are connected within the molecule.

Method for calculating electron dot structure:

We can determine the electron dot structure of any given compound by the following steps:

• First, the total number of valence electrons present in the molecule has to be calculated by adding the individual valencies of each atom, which can be given as: $\mathrm{V}.\mathrm{E}=\mathrm{B}.\mathrm{E}+(-\mathrm{ve}\mathrm{charge})-(+\mathrm{ve}\mathrm{charge})$

(where V.E represents the total number of valence electrons and B.E denotes the number of electrons present in the bond pairs.)

• The least electronegative atom among the given molecule will be chosen as the central atom of the molecule or ion.
• Now the electrons shall be assigned to the atoms in dot or cross representation to denote only the single bonding among the molecules.
• Now, the lone pairs of electrons will be assigned to each atom belonging to the molecule, which can satisfy their octet configuration.
• After assigning lone pairs to each atom, a double or triple bond should be drawn if necessary to satisfy the valence of the octet of each atom.
• Also, the lone pair can be converted into a bond pair in order to satisfy the octet rule for two atoms.

The electron dot structure of ${\mathrm{H}}_2$:

• The total number of valence electrons present in ${\mathrm{H}}_2$$=2.$
• Here the central atom is the hydrogen itself.
• Each hydrogen has 1 valence electron, which will be used for the single bond formation between two hydrogen atoms, to fulfil their octet configuration.
• Hence, the electron dot structure of ${\mathrm{H}}_2$ can be given as :

Hence, the electron dot structure of ${\mathrm{H}}_2$ has been drawn above.