Question

The electrical resistance of any object is?

Answer 1

Step 1: Electrical resistance

1. Whenever an electric current travels through a bulb or indeed any conductor, this same conductor provides some resistance towards the current, which is referred to as electrical resistance.
2. Electrical resistance is denoted by the alphabet R.
3. The unit of resistance is $\mathrm{Ohm}\left(\mathrm{\Omega }\right)$.

According to the Ohm's law,

$$\begin{gathered} \mathrm{V}\propto \mathrm{I} \\ \mathrm{V}=\mathrm{IR} \end{gathered}$$

Here,

V is the potential difference measured in $\mathrm{volts}$.

I is the current measured in $\mathrm{amperes}$.

R is the resistance measured in $\mathrm{ohms}$.

Step 2: Factors affecting electrical resistance

Electrical resistance is proportional to the length of the conductor and inversely proportional to the cross-sectional area.

$\mathrm{R}=\mathrm{\rho }\frac{\mathrm{L}}{\mathrm{A}}$

Here,

$L$ is the length.

$A$ is the cross-sectional area.

$\mathrm{\rho }$ is the resistivity measured in $\mathrm{Ohm}\mathrm{meter}\left(\mathrm{\Omega m}\right)$.

The factors that affect electrical resistance will be:

1. Conductor's cross-sectional area, length, and material.
2. Conducting material's temperature.

Therefore, the electrical resistance of any object is directly proportional to its length and inversely proportional to its area of cross-section.