Question

Explain drift velocity with its equation.

Answer 1

Drift velocity:

1. A conductor has a large number of free electrons, so we can consider this as a gaseous medium, we called this electron gas.
2. In the presence of an external field, the slow movement of the electron cloud in a particular direction is called drifting.
3. The rate of change of its displacement is called drift velocity.
4. The order of drift velocity is ${10}^{-5} \mathrm{m}/\mathrm{s}$.

The equation to find the drift velocity:

${\mathrm{v}}_{\mathrm{d}}=\frac{\mathrm{I}}{\mathrm{nAq}}$

Here,

${\mathrm{v}}_{\mathrm{d}}$ is the drift velocity.

$\mathrm{I}$ is the current through the conductor.

$\mathrm{A}$ is the cross-sectional area conductor.

$\mathrm{q}$ is the charge of the electron

$\mathrm{n}$ is the electron density of the conductor.