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Question

Explain the process of separation of components of air.


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Solution

Fractional distillation:-

  1. Fractional distillation is a type of distillation that involves miscible liquids being separated.
  2. The process involves distillations and condensations repeated times and usually, the mixture is separated into component parts.
  3. When the mixture is heated at a certain temperature where fractions of the mixture start to vaporize, the separation happens

Separation of components of air through fractional distillation:-

  1. In the process of fractional distillation, through the fractional distillation column the liquid air is distributed.
  2. This liquid air here is permissible to warm up.
  3. As compared to the top, it is quite warmer at the bottom of the fractionating column.
  4. At dissimilar temperatures each gas gets separated due to its respective boiling point.
  5. We know that the boiling point of Oxygen (-183°C) is more than that of Nitrogen(-196°C).
  6. Due to this nitrogen gas is gathered after getting outflowed through the outlet, and in the fractionating column, liquid oxygen will be gathered.
  7. The diagram given below shows the separation of components of air:

Therefore, with the help of fractional distillation components of air can be separated.


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