Question

Four different capacitors are connected in series then

Answer 1

Step 1: Capacitors

1. A capacitor is a device that stores electrical energy and functions in an electric field.
2. It's a passive electrical component with two terminals. The term "capacitance" refers to the action of a capacitor.
3. While there is some capacitance between any two electrical conductors in close proximity in a circuit, a capacitor is a component that is specifically intended to provide capacitance to a circuit.

Step 2: Capacitors connected in series

1. Each capacitor in the series stores the same amount of instantaneous charge build-up as the others in the series.
2. The entire voltage difference is distributed from end to end using the inverse of each capacitor's capacitance.
3. Capacitors are linked in series to produce a higher operating voltage, which is beneficial for smoothing a high-voltage power supply.
4. Demonstration with the help of a diagram.

Step 3: The charge in each capacitor

1. Capacitors in series all have the same current flowing through them as $i_T=i_1=i_2=i_3$ etc. Therefore each capacitor will store the same amount of electrical charge, $Q$ on its plates regardless of its capacitance.
2. This is because the charge stored by a plate of any one capacitor must have come from the plate of its adjacent capacitor. Therefore, capacitors connected together in series must have the same charge. $Q_T=Q_1=Q_2=Q_3...$etc.

Hence in series, the charge on each capacitor is the same.