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Question

Give the reason why NH3has a higher boiling point than PH3.


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Solution

  1. A hydrogen bond is a type of link formed between a hydrogen atom and a pair of other atoms with high electronegativity.
  2. As the force of attraction increases boiling point also increases.
  3. Strong intermolecular Hydrogen bonding occurs between NH3 molecules because the nitrogen atom is small in size and high in electronegativity. However, larger PH3 molecules cannot establish hydrogen bonds themselves due to their lower electronegativity.
  4. A partial negative charge forms on nitrogen and a partial positive charge develops on hydrogen due to electronegativity differences between the two atoms.
  5. These charges attract neighbouring NH3 molecules and establish hydrogen bonds with them.
  6. InNH3, hydrogen bonds exist, whereas, in PH3, hydrogen bonds do not exist.

Therefore, NH3has a higher boiling point thanPH3.


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