When there is insufficient oxygen in the body, like during physical activities, cells skip aerobic respiration and start anaerobic respiration. After completion of glycolysis, the cells undergo lactic acid fermentation in the absence of oxygen to produce lactic acid.
Energy consumption takes place only during glycolysis, that is, 2 ATPs.
During the final step of conversion from pyruvic acid to lactic acid NAD+ is restored, which can be used for another cycle of glycolysis.
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