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Question

How can you not distinguish between vicinal and geminal dihalides?


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Solution

Geminal and Vicinal dihalides

  1. When the two halogen atoms are attached to the same carbon atom and are prepared by addition of Vinyl halide(CH2=CHX) with hydrogen chloride(HCl) a Geminal Dihalide is formed.
  2. Examples:1,1 -dichloroethane (CH3CHCl2).
  3. When the two halogen atoms are on adjacent carbon atoms and are prepared between halogen and alkene a vicinal dihalide is formed.
  4. Examples:1,2 dichloroethane. (ClCH2CH2Cl)
  5. They both can give the same product alkene on reaction with alcoholic potassium hydroxide (KOH).
  6. Reactions

:CH3CHCl2(l)Geminaldichloride+alc.KOH(l)PotassiumHydroxideCH2=CH2Ethene(l)

ClCH2-CH2Cl(l)Vicinaldichloride+alc.KOH(l)PotassiumHydroxideCH2=CH2(l)Ethene

Therefore, Both gives Alkene on reaction with alcoholic Potassium hydroxide (KOH). hence, we cannot distinguish.


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