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Question

How do the carbonates of alkali and alkaline earth metals differ?


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Solution

The difference between the carbonates of alkali and alkaline earth metals:

Carbonates of alkaline earth metals

Carbonates of alkali metals

  • Carbonates of alkaline earth metals decompose to form oxide when heated to high temperatures.BaCO3(s)BariumcarbonateBaO(s)Bariumoxide+CO2(g)Carbondioxide
  • Carbonates of alkali metals do not decompose.
  • The carbonates of the alkaline earth metals also react with aqueous hydrochloric acid to give CO2 and H2O.HCl(aq)Hydrochloricacid+MgCO3(s)MagnesiumcarbonateH2O(l)Water+CO2(g)Carbondioxide+MgCl2(aq)Magnesiumchloride
  • Carbonates of alkali metals do not show such a type of reaction.
  • The carbonates of the heavier alkaline earth metals are quite insoluble because of the higher lattice energy due to the doubly charged cation and anion.
  • This property is not shown by the carbonates of alkali metals

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