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Question

How will you convert Benzene to Benzoic acid?


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Solution

Benzene to benzoic acid:

Step 1 Freidel Craft’s alkylation reaction:

  • Friedel-Crafts Alkylation is a chemical reaction in which the proton in the aromatic compound gets substituted with the alkyl group.
  • In the first step, the Lewis acid catalyst Aluminium chloride (AlCl3) undergoes a reaction with the Methyl chlorideCH3Cl and it results in the formation of electrophilic carbonation.
  • Then the carbocation proceeds to attack the aromatic ring by forming a Cyclohexadienyl cation as an intermediate, and the aromaticity will be lost temporarily due to the breakage of the Carbon-Carbon double bond.
  • Finally, the deprotonation of the intermediate leads to the reformation of the carbon-carbon double bond, restoring aromaticity to the compound. This proton goes on to form Hydrochloric acid, regenerating the AlCl3 catalyst.

Here Benzene reacts with CHCl3 along with anhydrous AlCl3, and the one Hydron atom is substituted with Methyl group and Toluene is forme

Step 2 Oxidation:

  • The Toluene is oxidized in the presence of a strong oxidizing agent like KMnO4 to produce Benzoic acid.
  • This Methyl group is converted into COOH group with the help of a strong oxidation agent KMnO4, the reaction takes place through oxidation and Benzoic acid is formed.


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