Question

List the four intermolecular forces.

Answer 1

Intermolecular forces:

• Intermolecular forces are basically known as the attractive and repulsive forces that arise between the molecules of a substance.
• These forces are generally responsible for the interactions between individual molecules of a substance.
• Also, the intermolecular forces are mostly responsible for the physical and chemical properties of matter.
• The intermolecular forces of attraction are mainly divided into four types i.e Ion-ion interactions, dipole-dipole interactions, hydrogen bonding, and London dispersion force.

The list of the four intermolecular forces:

• Ion-ion interactions – The force of interactions existing between the ions are called ion-ion interactions in which like-charged ions repel each other and attract oppositely charged ions.
• Dipole-dipole interactions – Dipole-dipole interaction mostly defines the miscibility of polar solvents in which the interactions result in characteristic parameters like melting points, boiling points, etc.
• Hydrogen bonding – Hydrogen bonding is a special type of force that exists between the Hydrogen which is attached to one electronegative atom and another electronegative atom (F, O, N).
• London dispersion forces – This is known as an extremely weak attractive force between atoms or molecules which is caused by the electrostatic attraction between temporary induced dipoles.

Hence, the list of the four intermolecular forces is: Ion-ion interactions, dipole-dipole interactions, hydrogen bonding, and London dispersion force.