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Question

The effect of temperature on the solubility of a gas in a liquid is governed by ________.


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Solution

Henry’s law:

  • Henry’s law is known as a gas law which denotes that the amount of gas that is dissolved in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas above the liquid when the temperature is kept constant, which can be given as:

PC(or)P=kH.C

  • Where P = partial pressure of the gas in the atmosphere above the liquid.
  • C= Concentration of the dissolved gas.
  • kH= Henry’s law constant of the gas.

Effect of temperature on solubility:

  • The temperature is inversely proportional to the solubility of the gas in a liquid, hence for all gases, as the temperature increases, solubility decreases accordingly.
  • The increase in kinetic energy of molecules of gas results in more motion of molecules, which breaks the intermolecular bond between liquid molecules and gas molecules and results in a decrease in solubility.
  • Also, the solubility of the gas in a liquid can also be explained on the basis of Henry’s law.
  • The solubility of the gas in a liquid can be related to the partial pressure of the gas in the liquid phase, which is directly proportional to Henry’s constant i.e kH.
  • Here, Henry’s constant i.e kH is known to be inversely related to temperature.
  • Hence, with the increases in temperature the value of Henry’s constant, and it in turn tends to decrease the solubility of the gas in a liquid.

Hence, the effect of temperature on the solubility of a gas in a liquid is governed by Henry’s law.


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