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Question

What are polar and non polar covalent compounds?


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Solution

Covalent bond

  • The equal sharing of electrons from both participating atoms forms a covalent bond.
  • Shared pair or bonding pair refers to the pair of electrons involved in this type of bonding.

Polar covalent compound

  • In a polar covalent bond, two atoms share a pair of electrons unequally because of differences in their electro-negativities.
  • The unequal distribution of electrons causes the bonded atoms to acquire fractional positive and negative charges.
  • Examples: Hydrochloride acid HCl and water H2O

Non-polar covalent compound

  • When atoms share an equal number of electrons, a non-polar covalent bond is formed.
  • There is no difference in the electronegativity of the two atoms.
  • It occurs when two atoms with the same electron affinities come together, as in diatomic elements.
  • Examples are gas molecules such as hydrogen H2 and nitrogen N2.

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