Question

What are the different body systems in the human body and what are their functions?

Answer 1

Human body:

1. The human body is made of a large number of cells.
2. A particular group of cells that perform similar functions are called tissues.
3. A group of tissues that are responsible for a particular function is called organs.
4. Many organs that work in coordination to perform a function make an organ system.
5. The coordination and control of the whole organ system make up a body.
6. In humans, there are 11 organ systems that work in coordination and maintain a healthy individual.

Organ systems	Organs	Functions
Cardiovascular system	Heart, blood vessels	The heart helps in pumping blood and blood vessels such as arteries and veins and transports the blood to every part of the body providing nourishment to organs and muscles.
Digestive system	Oral cavity, esophagus, liver, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus.	It is responsible for breaking down food into small components and absorption of the same for proper functioning of the body
Endocrine system	The pineal gland, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, thymus, adrenal gland, pancreas, ovary, and testis.	The glands of the endocrine system secrete chemicals called hormones that regulate most of the processes in our bodies such as growth, reproduction, metabolism.
Integumentary system	Skin, nails, and hair	It is the largest organ of the body, equaling 15-20% of our total body mass. It acts as a barrier to physical, chemical, and biological agents
Lymphatic system	Bone marrow, thymus, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, thoracic nodes, spleen	It is responsible for transporting clean fluids in the body back to the blood and drains excess fluids and debris from the tissues and cells of the body. It also possesses white blood cells that are responsible for protecting the body against infections
Muscular system	Cardiac, smooth and skeletal muscles	Cardiac muscles - It is found in the heart, and helps to pump blood to the body. Smooth muscles - These surround the internal organs and help in their movement. Skeletal muscle - These help in causing voluntary movement of the muscles and also helps to maintain posture
Nervous system	Brain, spinal cord, and nerves	It controls all of the other systems of the body, such as digestion and cardiac rhythm, and responds to internal and external changes, such as activating muscles and breathing. It also transmits information to the brain, such as pain and external sensations
Reproductive system	Male (prostate gland, penis, testis, scrotum, ductus deferens) Female (Mammary glands, ovary, uterus, vagina, fallopian tube)	These structures produce haploid chromosomes which fuse with opposite sex gametes to produce a diploid zygote, which develops to give rise to a new individual
Respiratory system	Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus, lungs	It supplies the body with oxygen for cellular respiration by collecting oxygen in the lungs and disposing of carbon dioxide by breathing out the waste product. It also provides functions of speech and smell.
Skeletal system	Bones and joints	It supports and protects the body’s internal organs. It also provides framework and shape to the bodies.
Urinary system	Kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, and urethra	It is responsible for eliminating waste products of metabolism and other materials from the body. It also helps in maintaining the body's fluid homeostasis.