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Question

What are the various technological and institutional reforms which led to the Green and White Revolution in India?


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Solution

Answer:

Some of the technical and institutional reforms made in the field of agriculture in India are listed below:

Technical Reforms

The technical reforms introduced to help farmers are listed below.

  • Started using High Yielding Variety (HYV) seeds.
  • Increased use of chemical fertilizers.
  • Use of better irrigation facilities.
  • Use of various scientific methods of farming
  • Increased the use of fertilizers.
  • Increased use of tractors.

Institutional Reforms

The institutional reforms introduced by the Government, to help the farmers are given below.

  • Crop insurance was provided for disease, fire, cyclone, flood, and drought.
  • To provide loans to farmers at low interest rates, banks, cooperative societies, grameen banks were established.
  • For the benefit of farmers, some of the schemes introduced were the Personal Accident Insurance Scheme (PAIS), Kissan Credit Card (KCC).
  • To help the farmers, special agricultural programmes and special weather bulletins were introduced on television and radio.
  • To check exploitation of farmers by middlemen and speculators, procurement and remunerative prices, minimum support price was introduced by the Government for many important crops.

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