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Question

What is the basic principle behind fractional distillation?


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Solution

Fractional distillation

  • Different liquids boil and evaporate at various temperatures, which is the basic principle behind this method of distillation.
  • Simple distillation cannot be used to separate two liquids if there is a little difference in their boiling points.
  • Such liquids have the same temperature range in which their vapors develop and condense concurrently.
  • In these conditions, fractional distillation is used.
  • This technique uses a fractionating column to separate a liquid mixture's vapours before condensation.
  • The fractionating column is fitted over the mouth of the round bottom flask.
  • Vapors of the liquid with a higher boiling point condense before the vapors of the liquid with a lower boiling point.
  • The vapors that are rising in the fractionating column become richer in volatile components.

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