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Question

What is the bond angle of the molecule undergoing sp2hybridization?


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Solution

Bond angle:

  • It is defined as the angle between the orbitals containing bonding electron pairs around the central atom in a molecule or complex ion.
  • The bond angle is measured in degrees.
  • It can be obtained experimentally using spectroscopic methods.

Hybridization:

  • When an atom undergoes mixing and recasting of two atomic orbitals with almost the same energy levels to form new orbitals of equal number with equivalent energy, maximum symmetry, and a fixed orientation in space is known as hybridization.

sp2 hybridization:

  • When an atom undergoes mixing and recasting of one s and two p orbitals with similar energies to form three new sp2hybrid orbitals with equivalent energies, maximum symmetry, and fixed orientation in space is called sp2 hybridization.

The bond angle of sp2 hybridization:

  • The molecules forming sp2hybridization have a bond angle of 120°and the geometry is trigonal planar.
  • The repulsion between the bond pair and lone pair of electrons causes the atoms to be at the maximum distance apart causing the bond angle of 120°.
  • A mixture of s&p orbitals formed in trigonal symmetry maintains the angle at 120°
  • All the three hybrid orbitals remain in one plane and make an angle of 120° with one another. Each of the hybrid orbitals formed has a 33.33%s character and 66.66%p character.
  • Example: In boron trichloride BCl3 undergoes sp2hybridization where there are three sigma bonds with 120°bond angle and trigonal planar geometry.

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