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Question

What is the Hard Acid Soft Base Theory?


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Solution

Hard Acid Soft Base Theory (HSAB):

  • This theory works on the principle that soft acid reacts with the soft base while hard acid reacts with the hard base.
  • HSAB is widely used for explaining the stability of compounds/molecules and the reaction mechanisms as well as pathways.
  • In this theory, “Hard” stands for small species that have high charge states while “Soft” stands for big species with low charge states.

Examples of Hard and Soft acid/base:

  • The hard acids can be H+and Li+ while the hard bases can be OH- and F-.
  • The soft acids are Cu+and Ag+while the soft bases are CN- and I-

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