Question

What is the interest of a gauge theory in physics?

Answer 1

The interest in a gauge theory:

1. Gauge theory is the process of converting one type of force field into another. Electrostatic field, gravitational force, and force among basic particles, i.e. weak force and strong interaction, are the fundamental forces.
2. A classical theory of the electromagnetic field, presented by the British physicist James Clerk Maxwell in 1864, is the forerunner of gauge theories, albeit the notion of gauge conversion was not fully formed until the earlier twentieth century by the German mathematician Hermann Weyl.
3. This gauge transformation has significant use in general relativity theory. A coordinate system transformation is employed in the relativity gauge transformation.
4. The coordinate conversion is invertible, which means that the operation should be reversed when the coordinate system is changed into another entity by a gauge translation.
5. A gauge conversion is another application of electromagnetic theory. A very well electromagnetic equation, i.e. Maxwell's formula, could be transformed from one gadget to another via meter transformation. The Maxwell equations remain invariant under gauge change.

Hence, the gauge theory is the process of converting one type of force field into another.