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Question

Which among the following is a Lewis acid?


A

NH3

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B

NH4+

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C

BF3

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D

H2O

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Solution

The correct option is C

BF3


Explanation for correct option

(C)BF3

Lewis acid-base concept

  • According to Lewis's acid-base concept, acid is a species that takes an electron pair.
  • Lewis acids can be electron-deficient entities.
  • A Lewis base is any substance that can donate electron pair.
  • In the case of BF3, the Boron atom has 3 electrons in its outermost shell and forms 3 single covalent bonds with fluorine and attains 6 electrons. So, it can accept an electron pair.
  • So, BF3 is a lewis acid.

Explanation for incorrect option

(A)

  • NH3 is a lewis base. Because one lone pair is present in ammonia. So, it can donate its lone pair.

(B)

  • NH4+ is not a lewis acid, all atoms are in the stable configuration in this species. So, it can not accept an electron pair.

(D)

  • H2O is also a lewis base. Because two lone pair is present in the water. So, it can donate its lone pair.
  • Hence, options (A), (B), and (D) are incorrect.

Hence, option (C) is correct. BF3 is a lewis acid.


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