Which of the statements is true for p-type semiconductors?(a) Electrons are the majority carriers and trivalent atoms are the dopants. (b) Holes are the majority carriers and trivalent atoms are the dopants. (c) Holes are the majority carriers and pentavalent atoms are the dopants. (d) Electrons are the majority carriers and pentavalent atoms are the dopants

The correct option is (b) Holes are the majority carriers and trivalent atoms are the dopants.

In a p-type semiconductor hole are the majority carriers and electrons are the minority carriers. It is obtained by using a trivalent dopant.

• When the trivalent impurity is added to an intrinsic or pure semiconductor (silicon or germanium), it is a p-type semiconductor.
• Trivalent impurity like Al, Ga, In etc., are added.
• The hole density is much greater than the electron density.
• The impurity added in p-type semiconductor provides extra holes known as Acceptor atom.