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Question

Write the difference between the sigma (σ) bond and pi (π) bond.


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Solution

Difference between Sigma bond and Pi bond:

Sigma bondPi bond
The bond formed by the coaxial overlap of the atomic orbitals is known as the sigma bond.The bond formed by the lateral overlap of the atomic orbitals is known as the Pi bond.
Due to the coaxial overlap of the atomic orbitals the electron density is high along the axis of the molecule.Due to the lateral overlap of the atomic orbitals, the electron density is zero along the axis of the molecule.
A high amount of energy is liberated due to bond formation as the extent of overlap is more.Comparatively less energy is liberated during the pi bond formation as the extent of overlap is less.
Sigma bonds are strong bondsPi bonds are weak bonds.
Sigma bonds are formed between s-s, p-p, s-p, and hybrid orbitalsPi bonds are formed between p-p or d-d orbitals but not between hybrid orbitals.,

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