Difference Between Sperm and Ovum

Sperm and ovum are the gametes produced by vertebrates. More specifically, sperm is the male gamete while the ovum is the female gamete. These two cells also have contrasting size – for instance, the sperm is the smallest cell in the human body while the ovum is the largest. Read on to explore more differences between the two.

Difference Between Ovum and Sperm (Human)

Sperm
Ovum
Definition
Sperm is the male gamete Ovum is the female gamete
Motility
Motile (flagella) Non-motile
Size
The smallest cell in the human body The largest cell in the human body
Mitochondria
Centrally located Scattered in the cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Present in very small amounts Present in large amounts
Nucleoplasm
Absent Present (called germinal vesicle)
Chromosomes
Contains X or Y chromosomes Contains only X chromosomes
Centrioles
Present Absent
Production
Produces in the testes Produced in the ovary
Segmentation
Segmented into head, neck, middle and tail No such external segmentation
Formation
One spermatogonium produces four sperms One oogonium produces only one ovum
Surrounded by
Plasma membrane Egg envelopes

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