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What is horizontal and vertical tax devolution?

Article 280 of the Constitution mandates that each FC make recommendations about the distribution of net proceeds of taxes between the Union and states (called vertical devolution) and also among states (called horizontal devolution). The FC has wide powers under the Constitution to (re)define financial relations between and among the Union and states. 

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Related Links
Previous Year UPSC Question Papers Indian Polity Notes
Controller General of Accounts (CGA)  Planning Commission of India
NCERT Notes For UPSC UPSC Calendar 2023

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