Lakhmir Singh Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 8 Cell Structure and Its Functions are provided here for students to download for free. We know that cells are the fundamental unit of life. The cell is the structural unit and the building block of life. All living organisms in this universe are made up of cells. They are either unicellular or multicellular. This lesson mainly deals with the structure of cells present in both plants and animals. Also, we will learn how a plant cell is entirely different from an animal cell.
The cell structure, size, shape and organelles present in it are all explained in detail in this chapter. Each cell organelle has its own characteristic behaviour and function. The whole biology of an animal or plant is determined by its cell.
Lakhmir Singh Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 8 Cell Structure and Its Functions
Access Lakhmir Singh Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 8 Cell Structure and Its Functions
Very Short Answer Type Questions
1. Which instrument was essential for the study of cells?
Answer
The microscope was an instrument that was essential for the study of cells.
2. What is the basic similarity among all living organisms (plants and animals)?
Answer
The basic similarity among all living organisms (plants and animals) is that these are made up of cells.
3. Name the scientist who observed a thin slice of cork through a microscope and coined the term ‘cell’.
Answer
Robert Hooke, in 1665, observed a thin slice of cork through a microscope and coined the team ‘cell’.
4. Name the outermost layer of an animal cell.
Answer
The outermost layer of an animal cell is the plasma membrane.
5. Which part of the cell contains organelles?
Answer
The part of the cell that contains organelles is the cytoplasm.
6. Name any two organelles present in a cell.
Answer
Mitochondria and cytoplasm are the two organelles present in a cell.
7. Which part of a cell carries out respiration?
Answer
The part of a cell that carries out respiration is the mitochondria.
8. What are the units of inheritance in living organisms?
Answer
Genes are the units of inheritance in living organisms
9. Which is the largest floating body generally in the centre of a cell?
Answer
The largest floating body generally in the centre of a cell is the nucleus.
10. What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?
Answer
The function of the nucleus in a cell is to control the activities of the cell. It is called the master or director of the cell.
11. What do chloroplasts contain?
Answer
Chloroplasts contain the photosynthetic pigment called chlorophyll.
12. What kind of cells are surrounded by a cell wall?
Answer
Cell walls are surrounded by plant cells.
13. What sort of cells do not have a cell wall around them?
Answer
Animal cells do not have cell walls around them.
14. Name the layer which is outside the cell membrane of a plant cell.
Answer
The layer that is outside the cell membrane of a plant cell is called the cell wall.
15. How is the outside of a plant cell different from that of an animal cell?
Answer
The additional membrane called a cell wall outside the cell membrane around the plant cells makes it different from animal cells.
16. Name the organelle of a plant cell where photosynthesis takes place.
Answer
Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts organelle of the plant cell.
17. Which part of a plant cell protects outside of the cell?
Answer
The cell wall present in the outer layer protects the outside of the cell.
18. Which part of the plant cell releases energy from food?
Answer
Mitochondria release energy from food in the plant cell.
19. What causes the red colour in tomatoes?
Answer
Coloured plastids called chromoplasts cause the red colour in tomatoes.
20. Which part of the two has a large vacuole: a plant cell or an animal cell?
Answer
The plant cell has a large vacuole.
21. Name any two parts which are present in a plant cell but not in an animal cell.
Answer
The cell wall and plastid are present in plant cells but not in animal cells.
22. Which cells transmit messages between the brain and other parts of the body?
Answer
The nerve cell transmits messages between the brain and other parts of the body.
23. Which cells in the human body can contract (and relax)?
Answer
The muscle cells in the human body can contract (and relax).
24. Name the spindle-shaped cells present in the human body.
Answer
The spindle-shaped cells present in the human body are called muscle cells.
25. State an important characteristic of muscle cells.
Answer
The muscle cells are spindle in shape and are pointed at both ends.
26. Name a single cell (other than the Ameoba cell) which can change its shape.
Answer
White blood cells (WBC) present in our body can change their shape.
27. Name one ‘single-cell’ which behaves like a complete organism.
Answer
Amoeba is a single-celled organism that behaves like a complete organism
28. Name one cell which can be seen easily with the naked eye and one cell which can be seen only through a microscope.
Answer
The cell which can be seen through the naked eye is the bird’s egg, whereas the cell which can be seen through a microscope is the bacterial cell.
29. State whether the following statements are true or false
(a) Unicellular organisms have a one-celled body.
(b) Muscle cells are branched.
(c) Amoeba has an irregular shape.
(d) All the cells in our body are alike.
(e) A hen’s egg is a group of cells.
(f) The basic living unit of an organism is an organ.
Answer
(a) True
(b) False
(c) True
(d) False
(e) False
(f) False
30. Name the smallest unit of life.
Answer
The cell is the smallest unit of life.
31. What is a ‘cell’ in biology?
Answer
A cell is the smallest, structural and functional unit of life.
32. (a) What are the basic parts of all the cells?
(b) What parts are present only in plant cells?
Answer
(a) The basic parts of all the cells are the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus.
(b) The parts present only in plant cells are the cell wall, chloroplasts, and large vacuole.
33. What controls the flow of substances in and out of a cell?
Answer
The plasma membrane controls the flow of a substance in and out of the cell.
34. Which part of a cell controls all the activities of the cell?
Answer
The centre of the cell, the nucleus, controls all the activities of the cell.
35. Name the animal cell, which is long and has thread-like branches.
Answer
The nerve cell is long and has thread-like branches.
36. What is the function of chloroplasts in a plant cell?
Answer
Chloroplasts help in the synthesis of food through the process of photosynthesis.
37. Name an organism that has no definite shape and keeps on changing its shape.
Answer
An organism that has no definite shape and it keeps on changing its shape is an amoeba.
38. Name one cell in the human body which is spherical in shape.
Answer
The cell in the human body which is spherical in shape is the red blood cells (RBC).
39. Which organism has the smallest cell?
Answer
Bacteria mycoplasma has the smallest cell. Its size is around 0.1 micrometres.
40. Name the biggest cell?
Answer
The largest cell is the egg of an ostrich. Its size is around 170mm x 130mm.
41. Name two animal organs and two plant organs.
Answer
Organs present in animals are: Stomach, heart, lungs, brain, etc.
Organs present in plants are: Stems, leaves, roots, etc.
42. Name two plant organ which is responsible for:
(a) making of food.
(b) absorption of water and minerals.
Answer
(a) Leaves are responsible for preparation of food by the process of photosynthesis.
(b) Roots help in the absorption of water and minerals from the soil.
43. Which of the two does not have a true nucleus: the prokaryotic cell or the eukaryotic cell?
Answer
Prokaryotic cells do not have a true nucleus.
44. Name one prokaryotic cell and one eukaryotic cell.
Answer
Prokaryotic cell: Bacteria cell
Eukaryotic cell: Human cell
45. Fill in the blanks with suitable words:
(a) Cells were first observed in cork by _____________ in 1665.
(b) What is brick to a house is _____________ To an organism.
(c) The cytoplasm and nucleus make up the_____________
(d) The shape and size of a cell are related to its_____________
(e) The bacteria cells are_____________ to _____________micrometer in length.
(f) The smallest unit of life is a _____________
(g) Tissues make up _____________
(h) Organ systems make up an _____________
(i) Cells make up _____________
(j) Organs make up _____________
Answer
(a) Cells were first observed in cork by Robert Hooke in 1665.
(b) What is brick to a house is cells to an organism.
(c) The cytoplasm and nucleus make up the protoplasm.
(d) The shape and size of a cell are related to its function.
(e) The bacteria cells are 0.2 to 10 micrometres in length.
(f) The smallest unit of life is a cell.
(g) Tissues make up organs.
(h) Organ systems make up an organism.
(i) Cells make up tissues.
(j) Organs make up organ systems.
Short Answer Type Questions
46. Why are plant and animal specimens usually stained with dyes before observing them through a microscope? Name one stain (or dye) used for this purpose.
Answer
The plant and animal specimens are usually stained with dyes before observing them through a microscope because the various parts of the cell are colourless and difficult to distinguish. Hence a wide variety of stains are used to identify the cells and their parts. Dilute iodine solution, and methylene blue are some of the stains used for this purpose.
47. What is a tissue? Give two examples of tissues.
Answer
The tissues can be defined as a group of cells with similar shapes and functions are termed as tissues. They form a cellular organizational level intermediate between the cells and the organ system. Connective Tissue, Muscle Tissue, Nervous Tissue, and Epithelial Tissue are the different types of tissues.
48. What is an organ? Give two examples of organs.
Answer
Organs are formed by combining the functional groups of multiple tissues. Examples: Heat, Lungs, etc.
49. What is an organ system?
(a) Give two examples of organ systems in animals.
(b) Name the two main organ systems in plants.
Answer
A group of closely related organs that work together for a specific purpose for a particular organism is called an organ system.
(a) The digestive system and respiratory system are examples of organ systems in animals.
(b) The root system and the shoot system are the two main organ systems in plants.
50. Which of the following are plant organs, and which are animal organs?
Brain, Leaf, Lungs, Roots, Stem, Kidneys, Flower, Heart
Answer
| Plant organs | Animal Organs |
| Leaf | Brain |
| Roots | Lungs |
| Stem | Kidneys |
| Flower | Heart |
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