In Statistics, the determination of the variation between the group of data due to true variation is done by hypothesis testing. The sample data are taken from the population parameter based on the assumptions. The hypothesis can be classified into various types. In this article, let us discuss the hypothesis definition, various types of hypothesis and the significance of hypothesis testing, which are explained in detail.
Hypothesis Definition in Statistics
In Statistics, a hypothesis is defined as a formal statement, which gives the explanation about the relationship between the two or more variables of the specified population. It helps the researcher to translate the given problem to a clear explanation for the outcome of the study. It clearly explains and predicts the expected outcome. It indicates the types of experimental design and directs the study of the research process.
Types of Hypothesis
The hypothesis can be broadly classified into different types. They are:
Simple Hypothesis
A simple hypothesis is a hypothesis that there exists a relationship between two variables. One is called a dependent variable, and the other is called an independent variable.
Complex Hypothesis
A complex hypothesis is used when there is a relationship between the existing variables. In this hypothesis, the dependent and independent variables are more than two.
Null Hypothesis
In the null hypothesis, there is no significant difference between the populations specified in the experiments, due to any experimental or sampling error. The null hypothesis is denoted by H0.
Alternative Hypothesis
In an alternative hypothesis, the simple observations are easily influenced by some random cause. It is denoted by the Ha or H1.
Empirical Hypothesis
An empirical hypothesis is formed by the experiments and based on the evidence.
Statistical Hypothesis
In a statistical hypothesis, the statement should be logical or illogical, and the hypothesis is verified statistically.
Apart from these types of hypothesis, some other hypotheses are directional and non-directional hypothesis, associated hypothesis, casual hypothesis.
Characteristics of Hypothesis
The important characteristics of the hypothesis are:
- The hypothesis should be short and precise
- It should be specific
- A hypothesis must be related to the existing body of knowledge
- It should be capable of verification
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