The coxal bone, also known as the hip or pelvic bone, is a large, flat, irregular bone constricted in the middle and enlarged below and above. Together, the two constitute the anterior wall and sides of the pelvic cavity.
The ilium, pubis and ischium are its three main components, separated in young individuals but fused in adults. The three components are joined in and around the acetabulum, a sizable cup-shaped articular cavity close to the middle of the bone’s external surface.
The left and right hip bones constitute the pelvic girdle. The pelvic spine, composed of the coccyx and sacrum, completes the bony pelvis at its posterior end. The bony pelvis serves as a framework for bearing weight and connects the lower limbs to the axial skeleton. Additionally, it serves as an attachment point for various ligaments and muscles, supports and protects the abdominopelvic viscera, and contributes to the skeletal structure of the birth canal.
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