Both genomic DNA isolation and plasmid DNA isolation are extraction procedures vital for the isolation of DNA to be used in the different principles and techniques in the field of biotechnology. Particularly, the isolation of DNA finds its applications in a polymerase chain reaction, gel electrophoresis and some sequencing techniques of DNA.
The important difference between genomic DNA isolation and plasmid DNA isolation is that genomic DNA isolation makes use of strong lysis, involving the mechanical or enzymatic disintegration of the cell membranes to give out the genomic DNA into the solution. This DNA can be purified from the proteins and lipid membrane.
On the other hand, the plasmid DNA isolation makes use of temperate alkaline lysis to obtain plasmid DNA into the solution with the genomic DNA. The separation of plasmid DNA from genomic DNA requires neutralization with potassium acetate.
Genomic DNA Isolation
- It is a simpler process as strong lysis is the only essential step to release the genomic DNA in the solution. Lysis of bacteria, plants and yeast requires the enzymatic breakdown of the cell wall (that is rigid and strong), before the plasma membrane is mechanically disrupted
- Once lysis is performed, the sample is purified using spin filter membrane technology along with guanidine salts that facilitate the association to silica
Plasmid DNA Isolation
- Plasmid DNA is extracted from cells in this process
- Here recognizing and using the apt lysis method for successful separation of plasmid DNA from the genomic DNA, the process can be a bit complicated
- The process includes – Cell Cultivation, Resuspension, Cell Lysis, Neutralization, Cleaning and Concentration
Key Differences between Genomic DNA and Plasmid DNA Isolation
The table below depicts the differences between Genomic DNA and Plasmid DNA Isolation.
| It is the process of isolating genomic DNA from a sample | It is the process of isolating plasmid DNA from the bacteria-bearing plasma |
| Prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells | Bacterial cells containing plasmids |
| The process makes use of strong lysis such as enzymatic breakdown of the membrane of the cell to liberate genomic DNA.
It is a simpler process |
The process makes use of temperate alkaline lysis to obtain plasmid DNA with the genomic DNA.
The process is complicated. The detergent used is sodium dodecyl sulfate |
| Complete genomic DNA is extracted | Plasmid DNA is extracted |
| Genomic DNA occurs in the pellet | Plasmid DNA occurs in the supernatant |
| For genomic DNA isolation, it is 7-9. Denaturation of DNA does not occur | For plasmid DNA isolation, the range is 12.1-12.3. It denatures genomic and plasmid DNA both |
| Sequencing or Polymerase chain reaction | Gene therapy or cloning transfection |
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