Evolution gives rise to a new and distinct species over a course of time. Through this, a genetically independent group of entities – species arise. The phenomena where a genetically homogenous population is split into two or more populations which experience genetic differentiation and gradual reproductive isolation is speciation. This can take place by the transformation of old species into newer ones with time and multiplication of species.
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1. What stops a new chromosome variant appearing as a unique mutation from increasing in frequency?
(a) It is because polyploidy is a rare process
(b) it will interbreed with majority form causing heterozygotes to be inferior
(c) allopatric speciation does not necessitate reinforcement
(d) all of these
Answer: (b)
2. This is the key to speciation of populations
(a) reproductive health
(b) reproductive isolation
(c) population growth
(d) extinction
Answer: (b)
3. This can cause a steeper cline
(a) Extensive migration
(b) Strong selection against heterozygotes
(c) Stabilizing selection throughout the region
(d) All of these
Answer: (b)
4. The reproductive isolating factor occurring when a sperm and an egg are incompatible is
(a) temporal isolation
(b) ecological isolation
(c) gametic isolation
(d) behavioural isolation
Answer: (c)
5. Species, the biological concept is applicable only to the breeding populations
(a) that are adequately large to constitute a viable reproductive group
(b) that are adequately uniform to be recognized by observation
(c) in experimental conditions
(d) in nature
Answer: (d)
6. Which of the following is included in the concept of genetic bottlenecks?
(a) a loss of genetic diversity in descendent populations
(b) sharing genetic material between two populations
(c) extensive gene flow
(d) increased ability to resist new diseases
Answer: (a)
7. This type of speciation enables production of hybrids between two species
(a) allopatric speciation
(b) parapatric speciation
(c) bottleneck
(d) sympatric
Answer: (b)
8. This is not a reproductive isolating mechanism
(a) ecological isolation
(b) individual isolation
(c) temporal isolation
(d) behavioural isolation
Answer: (b)
9. In this kind of speciation, evolution can be expected to be faster whilst the speciation between the speciating events
(a) Peripheral speciation
(b) Hybridization
(c) Sympatric speciation
(d) Both (b) and (c)
Answer: (a)
10. A new species emerges from this geographic range of its ancestor as per this theory of speciation
(a) Sympatric speciation
(b) Parapatric speciation
(c) Allopatric speciation
(d) None of these
Answer: (a)
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