An ecosystem is the functional and structural unit of ecology wherein entities interact with each other and their surroundings. It can be defined as a community of lifeforms in concurrence with that of the abiotic or non-living factors and components that interact with each other.
1. In an ecosystem, which one of the following types of entities occupies more than one trophic level?
(a) Frog
(b) Phytoplankton
(c) Zooplankton
(d) Fish
Answer: (d)
2. The rate at which food energy is assimilated at the trophic level of consumers is known as
(a) Gross primary productivity
(b) Net primary productivity
(c) Secondary productivity
(d) None of the above
Answer: (c)
3. Limitations of ecological pyramids involve all these statements, except
(a) they assume a simple food chain and do not consider food webs
(b) in the ecological pyramids, saprotrophs are not given any place
(c) they do not take into account the same species belonging to two or more trophic levels
(d) they do not represent relationships between organisms at different trophic levels
Answer: (d)
4. This entity will be the first one to colonize a bare rock
(a) Herbs and shrubs
(b) Annual plants
(c) Lichens
(d) Perennial plants
Answer: (c)
5. During ecological succession
(a) types and numbers of animals remain constant
(b) establishment of a new biotic community is fast in its primary phase
(c) predictable and gradual changes in species composition take place in a given area
(d) changes lead to a community that is in near equilibrium with the environment and is
referred to as pioneer community
Answer: (c)
6. This ecosystem has the maximum biomass
(a) Grassland ecosystem
(b) Pond ecosystem
(c) Lake ecosystem
(d) Forest ecosystem
Answer: (d)
7. These are the primary producers of the deep-sea hydrothermal vent ecosystem
(a) blue-green algae
(b) coral reefs
(c) chemosynthetic bacteria
(d) green algae
Answer: (c)
8. This is a characteristic feature of cropland ecosystem
(a) Absence of weeds
(b) Ecological succession
(c) least genetic diversity
(d) absence of soil entities
Answer: (c)
9. At the producer level, if 20J of energy is trapped, then how much energy will be available to a peacock as food in the subsequent chain?
Plant -> Mice -> Snake -> Peacock
(a) 0.2 J
(b) 0.02 J
(c) 0.002 J
(d) 0.0002 J
Answer: (b)
10. Match from the columns and pick the correct option
| Column I | Column II |
| Earthworm | Pioneer species |
| Succession | Detritivore |
| Ecosystem service | Natality |
| Population growth | Pollination |
| A | B | C | D | |
| (a) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| (b) | 4 | 1 | 3 | 2 |
| (c) | 3 | 2 | 4 | 1 |
| (d) | 2 | 1 | 4 | 3 |
Answer: (d)
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