An electric car is an automobile driven by electric motors that only uses energy accumulated in batteries. Compared with internal combustion engine vehicles, electric vehicles have no exhaust emissions and are quieter. In most developed countries, owning an electric vehicle is considerably cheaper than an ICE vehicle. It is predominantly due to lower maintenance and fueling costs. Charging electric automobiles can be done through charging stations. Such charging hubs can be easily installed in both public and private places.
Numerous countries have made policies to grant incentives for electric vehicles like subsidies, non-monetary incentives and tax credits. Many countries started to phase out the sales of cars running on fossil fuels to combat air pollution, carbon emission and climate change.
Electric vehicles or EVs are also usually called electric battery vehicles. They possess an electric motor in place of an internal combustion engine. These vehicles employ a large traction battery module to power the electric motor. Electric vehicle supply equipment or EVSE is the device that batteries are charged. As these vehicles run on electricity, the vehicle emits almost no residue from tailpipes. They do not have the usual liquid fuel parts like a fuel line, fuel tank or fuel pump.
Advantages of Electric Vehicles
Electric motors can generate high power-to-weight ratios. Electric motors generally have a plane torque curve down to zero velocity. For reliability, most electric cars have fixed-ratio gearboxes. They do not have a clutch. Numerous electric vehicles have much faster acceleration than their average ICE counterparts. This is mainly due to lesser drivetrain frictional losses and the fast torque of an electric motor.
Electric vehicles have the potential to fix motors in each wheel or adjacent to the wheels. Even though this is rare, it is claimed to be much safer. Electric vehicles that do not have a differential or axle can have less drivetrain inertia. DC motor equipped drag racer EVs possess basic two-speed manual transmission to boost top speed.
The video explains the fundamentals of charging by conduction.
Main Components of Electric Cars
Battery
The auxiliary battery gives electricity to power vehicle accessories in an electric vehicle.
DC/DC Converter
The device transforms the higher-voltage DC power of the traction battery module into the lower-voltage DC power necessary to activate vehicle components and recharge the battery.
Electric Traction Motor
This motor uses the power from the battery pack to propel the vehicle’s wheels.
Charge Port
The charge port connects the vehicle to an external power source for charging the traction battery pack.
Power Electronic Controller
regulates the flow of electrical energy provided by the traction battery, regulating the motion of the electric traction motor and the torque it generates.
Thermal System (cooling)
The thermal system preserves an ideal operating temperature range on the electric motor, power electrics, electric engine, and other components.
Transmission
The transmission gives the electric traction motor mechanical power to propel the wheels.
The onboard Charger
takes the AC electricity supplied through the charging port and transforms it into DC power to fuel the traction battery. It also communicates with the charging component and analyses battery characteristics such as current, temperature, charge state, and voltage while charging the module.
Traction Battery Pack
It stores electricity for the electric traction motor.
Important Electric Car Questions with Answers
1) What is an electric car?
An electric car is an automobile driven by electric motors that only uses energy accumulated in batteries. Compared with internal combustion engine vehicles, electric vehicles have no exhaust emissions and are quieter. Electric vehicles or EVs are also usually called electric battery vehicles. They possess an electric motor in place of an internal combustion engine. These vehicles employ a large traction battery module to power the electric motor. Electric vehicle supply equipment or EVSE is the device that batteries are charged. As these vehicles run on electricity, the vehicle emits almost no residue from tailpipes. They do not have the usual liquid fuel parts like a fuel line, fuel tank or fuel pump.
2) What is the significance of electric vehicles?
Electric motors can generate high power-to-weight ratios. Electric motors generally have a plane torque curve down to zero velocity. Most electric cars have fixed-ratio gearboxes for reliability, but they do not have a clutch.
Numerous electric vehicles have much faster acceleration than their average ICE counterparts. This is mainly due to lesser drivetrain frictional losses and the fast torque of an electric motor.
Electric vehicles have the potential to fix motors in each wheel or adjacent to the wheels. Even though this is rare, it is claimed to be much safer. Electric vehicles that do not have a differential or axle can have less drivetrain inertia. DC motor equipped drag racer EVs possess basic two-speed manual transmission to boost top speed.
3) What are the main components of an electric car?
The main components of an electric car are an auxiliary battery, DC/DC converter, electric traction motor, charge port, power electronics controller, thermal system, transmission, onboard charger, and ction battery pack.
4) What is the function of an auxiliary battery in electric vehicles?
The auxiliary battery gives electricity to power vehicle accessories in an electric vehicle.
6) What is the function of a DC/DC converter in electric vehicles?
The device transforms the higher-voltage DC power of the traction battery module into the lower-voltage DC power necessary to activate vehicle components and recharge the battery.
7) What is the function of an electric traction motor in electric vehicles?
This motor uses the power from the battery pack to propel the vehicle’s wheels.
8) What is the function of a charge port in electric vehicles?
The charge port connects the vehicle to an external power source for charging the traction battery pack.
9) What is the function of a power electronics controller in electric vehicles?
The power electronics controller regulates the flow of electrical energy provided by the traction battery, regulating the motion of the electric traction motor and the torque it generates.
10) What is the function of a thermal system in electric vehicles?
The thermal system preserves an ideal operating temperature range on the electric motor, power electrics, electric engine, and other components.
11) What is the function of transmission in electric vehicles?
The transmission gives the electric traction motor mechanical power to propel the wheels.
12) What is the function of an onboard charger in electric vehicles?
It takes the AC electricity supplied through the charging port and transforms it into DC power for fueling the traction battery. It also communicates with the charging component and analyses battery characteristics such as current, temperature, charge state, and voltage while charging the module.
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Practice Questions
1) What is the difference between electric vehicles and conventional vehicles?
2) What are the types of batteries used in electric vehicles?
3) What are the differences between an electric engine and an internal combustion engine?
4) What is EVSE?
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