What Are the Four Types of Kidney Stones?

What is a Kidney Stone?

In a nutshell, a kidney stone is a hard deposit which forms inside the kidneys. These stones often cause no permanent damage, but are known to cause significant pain. Depending on the type of material that forms the kidney stones, it can be classified into the following:

4 Types of Kidney Stones

  • Calcium Stones
  • Cystine Stones
  • Struvite Stones
  • Uric Acid Stones

Calcium Stones

Calcium stones, as the name implies, are made from calcium compounds. The most common among these is calcium oxalate. Such stones are usually caused when the body has high levels of calcium, usually as a result of certain medical conditions such as hyperparathyroidism.

Cystine Stones

One of the least common types of kidney stones are cystine stones. These stones are made of a compound called cystine and are common in individuals who have a condition known as cystinuria, where too much cystine is present in the urine.

Struvite Stones

Also called infection stones, struvite stones are made of struvite, a mineral produced by bacteria. These stones are usually composed of magnesium ammonium phosphate and are commonly formed in alkaline urine.

Uric Acid Stones

These stones, as the name implies, are made of uric acid. Uric acid is a waste product that is expelled from the body through urine. Some medical conditions, as well as certain lifestyle choices can increase the risk of these types of stones. These include a diet rich in red meat, increased alcohol consumption and diseases such as gout.

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Conclusion

Kidney stones are deposits of minerals or other particles which form inside the kidneys. In most cases, kidney stones do not cause any long lasting damage and usually pass on their own, though some patients might be subjected to severe pain.

Frequently Asked Questions on Kidney Stone

Q1

What is a Kidney Stone?

A kidney stone is a hard deposit which forms inside the kidneys. Kidney stones can be made from different types of compounds such as calcium oxalate, cystine, struvite or even uric acid stones.

Q2

What are the types of kidney stones?

Depending on the type of material that forms the kidney stones, it can be classified into: calcium stones, cystine stones, struvite stones and uric acid stones.

Explore more about kidney stones or discover other fascinating topics by registering at BYJU’S Biology.

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