Liquefaction Of Gases

Liquefaction of gases has wide importance. Thomas Andrews investigated the complete relationship between volume- temperature and pressure of a substance in gaseous as well as liquid states by studying the behaviour of carbon dioxide. After more research on this relationship, it was found that the high-temperature isotherms is similar to that of ideal gas but still under high pressure, the gas cannot be liquefied. When the temperature of the gas is decreased then the curve shows a deviation from the ideal one.

Liquefaction Of Gases

Carbon dioxide is in a gaseous state up to a pressure of 73 atm and a temperature of 30.98C. It converts to the liquid state at pressure of 73 atm and 30.98. The pressure 73 atm is called the critical pressure. The temperature 30.98 is known as the critical temperature. At this critical temperature and pressure the volume of 1 mole of the gas is known as critical volume. Further, rise in the pressure compacts the liquid. Carbon dioxide and the curve depict the compressibility of liquid. The erect line in the graph shows the isotherm of liquid. At temperature below 30.98 behaviour of the gas on further compression varies in a different pattern. At 21.5, only up to point B in the form of gaseous state. At point B some part of CO2 becomes liquid and some part becomes gas. With more compression of liquid the pressure does not change. Both liquid and gaseous form of carbon dioxide exist at point B. All the gas is condensed at point C. Compression of gas changes volume from V2 to V3 which give rise in pressure from P2 to P3. Horizontal portion of the isotherm shown in the graphs meets at the critical point. Points A and D represent the gaseous state and liquid state and a point under the dome shape represents the liquid and solid shape in equilibrium. All the behaviour shown by CO2 is true for all gas.

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Change of State of Matter

Frequently Asked Questions – FAQs

Q1

Can Matter exist in two states at once?

Pressure can turn matter from one state to another. Certain matters often vary, but often only occur in two states and require human and technical help to travel through all three stages. Water is the only thing on earth that can naturally be present in all three-solid, liquid and gas.
Q2

How do you explain the matter?

The matter is all around you. All atoms and compounds are made up of very small pieces of matter. Such atoms continue to build the everyday things you see and touch. The matter is defined as anything that has mass (it has volume) and takes up space.
Q3

Why are the three states of matter important?

Three types of matter are solids, liquids, and gases. Comprehending the particle nature of matter is significant. Particles that make up matter are not ‘ small solid bits ‘ or ‘ small liquid drops, ‘ but atoms and molecules. Such atoms and molecules’ physical characteristics determine their state.
Q4

How is the matter made up?

The matter is also composed of small particles. Atoms are the particles that make up matter. Because they are so small you can’t see atoms. Most atoms come together to make up the substance you can see.
Q5

Is light a matter?

Light does not matter, it’s a form of energy. Matter consists of atoms. Actually, light is electromagnetic radiation. Moving electrical charge or electrons (electrical current) causes a magnetic field and a changing magnetic field creates an electrical field.

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