The diagrammatic presentation of data gives an immediate understanding of the real situation to be defined by the data in comparison to the tabular presentation of data or textual representations. It translates the highly complex ideas included in numbers into a more concrete and quickly understandable form pretty effectively. Diagrams may be less certain but are much more efficient than tables in displaying the data. There are many kinds of diagrams in general use. Amongst them the significant ones are the following:
(i) Geometric diagram
(ii) Frequency diagram
(iii) Arithmetic line graph
Also check: Meaning and Objective of Tabulation
Basics of Diagrammatic Presentation
Concept of Diagrammatic Presentation
- It is a technique of presenting numeric data through pictograms, cartograms, bar diagrams, and pie diagrams. It is the most attractive and appealing way to represent statistical data. Diagrams help in visual comparison and they have a bird’s eye view.
- Under pictograms, we use pictures to present data. For example, if we have to show the production of cars, we can draw cars. Suppose the production of cars is 40,000, we can show it by a picture having four cars, where 1 car represents 10,000 units.
- Under cartograms, we make use of maps to show the geographical allocation of certain things.
- Bar diagrams are rectangular and placed on the same base. Their heights represent the magnitude/value of the variable. The width of all the bars and the gaps between the two bars are kept the same.
- Pie diagram is a circle that is subdivided or partitioned to show the proportion of various components of the data.
- Out of the given diagrams, only one-dimensional bar diagrams and pie diagrams are there in our scope.
General Guidelines
Title: Every diagram must be given a suitable title which should be small and self-explanatory.
Size: The size of the diagram should be appropriate, i.e., neither too small nor too big.
Paper used: Diagrams are generally prepared on blank paper.
Scale: Under one-dimensional diagrams, especially bar diagrams, the y-axis is more important from the point of view of the decision of scale because we represent magnitude along this axis.
Index: When two or more variables are presented and different types of line/shading patterns are used to distinguish, an index must be given to show their details.
Selection of proper type of diagram: It is very important to select the correct type of diagram to represent data effectively.
Advantages of Diagrammatic Presentation
(1) Diagrams are attractive and impressive: The data presented in the form of diagrams can attract the attention of even a common man.
(2) Easy to remember: (a) Diagrams have a great memorising effect. (b) The picture created in mind by the diagrams last much longer than those created by figures presented through the tabular forms.
(3) Diagrams save time : (a) They present complex mass data in a simplified manner. (b) The data presented in the form of diagrams can be understood by the user very quickly.
(4) Diagrams simplify data: Diagrams are used to represent a huge mass of complex data in a simplified and intelligible form which is easy to understand.
(5) Diagrams are useful in making comparison: It becomes easier to compare two sets of data visually by presenting them through diagrams.
(6) More informative : Diagrams not only depict the characteristics of data but also bring out other hidden facts and relations which are not possible from the classified and tabulated data.
Types of One-Dimensional Diagram
One-dimensional diagram is a diagram in which only the length of the diagram is considered. It can be drawn in the form of a line or various types of bars.
The following are the types of one-dimensional diagram.
(1) Simple bar diagram
Simple bar diagram consists of a group of rectangular bars of equal width for each class or category of data.
(2) Multiple bar diagram
This diagram is used when we have to make a comparison between two or more variables like income and expenditure, import and export for different years, marks obtained in different subjects in different classes, etc.
(3) Subdivided bar diagram
This diagram is constructed by subdividing the bars in the ratio of various components.
(4) Percentage bar diagram
The subdivided bar diagram presented on a percentage basis is known as the percentage bar diagram.
(5) Broken-scale bar diagram
This diagram is used when the value of one observation is very high as compared to the other.
To gain space for the smaller bars of the series, the larger bars may be broken.
The value of each bar is written at the top of the bar.
(6) Deviation bar diagram
Deviation bars are used to represent net changes in the data like net profit, net loss, net exports, net imports, etc.
Meaning of Pie Diagram
A pie diagram is a circle that is divided into sections. The size of each section indicates the magnitude of each component as a part of the whole.
Steps involved in constructing pie diagram
- Convert the given values into percentage form and multiply it with 3.6’ to get the amount of angle for each item.
- Draw a circle and start the diagram at the 12 O‘clock position.
- Take the highest angle first with the protector (D) and mark the lower angles successively.
- Shade different angles differently to show distinction in each item.
Solved Questions
Q.1. Why is a diagrammatic presentation better than tabulation of data?
Answer:
It makes the data more attractive as compared to tabulation and helps in visual comparison.
Q.2. Why do media persons prefer diagrammatic presentation of data?
Answer:
Because it has an eye-catching effect and a long-lasting impact upon its readers/viewers.
Q.3. What will be the degree of an angle in the pie diagram if a family spends 50% of its income in food?
Answer:
(50 ÷ 100) X 360 (Or) 50 x 3.6 = 180’
Q.4. Which bar diagram is used to show two or more characteristics of the data?
Answer:
Multiple bar diagram
Q.5. Mention the sum of all the angles formed at the centre of a circle.
Answer:
360°
Q.6. Name a bar diagram where the height of all the bars is the same.
Answer:
Percentage bar diagram
Q.7. Which diagram can be used to depict various components of a variable?
Answer:
Subdivided bar diagram
Q.8. What is a multiple bar diagram?
Answer:
A multiple bar diagram is one that shows more than one characteristic of data.
Q.9. Which bar diagram is used to represent the net changes in data?
Answer:
Deviation bar diagram
Q.10. What is the other name of the subdivided bar Diagram?
Answer:
Component bar diagram
The above-mentioned concept is for CBSE Class 11 Statistics for Economics – Diagrammatic Presentation of Data. For solutions and study materials, visit our website or download the app for more information and the best learning experience.
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