The term “CSMA” stands for Carrier Sense Multiple Access, and it describes a network architecture in which each node must observe a bus for a time of inactivity before attempting to send any message on that bus or carrier.
In this article, we will look more into the CSMA according to the GATE Syllabus for (Computer Science Engineering) CSE. We will read ahead to find out more about it.
Table of Contents
What is CSMA?
A network protocol called Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) for carrier transfer runs at the Medium Access Control layer. It determines whether or not the shared channel for communication is busy by listening or sensing, and if the channel is not busy, it broadcasts. With the use of CSMA protocols, several users or nodes can send and receive data through a single cable, optical fibre linking several nodes, or a piece of the wireless spectrum.
Working Principle
A station looks for the presence of the carrier signal from other nodes connected to a shared channel when it has frames to transmit. A transmission is assumed to be in progress if a carrier signal is discovered. The station waits for the currently running transmission to finish before starting its own. All other nodes linked to the channel typically receive the node’s communications.
The likelihood of frames colliding decreases, since the nodes look for transmission before sending their own. However, if two nodes simultaneously find an open channel, they might both start a broadcast. A collision would ensue from the frames becoming jumbled as a result.
Access Modes in CSMA
The CSMA access mode versions are:
- 1-persistent CSMA
- non-persistent CSMA
- p-persistent CSMA
CSMA Protocol Variation
The fundamental CMSA protocols might receive further additions. The many protocols that come out of this are as follows:
- Virtual Time CSMA
- Collision Resolution CSMA
- Collision Avoidance CSMA
- Collision Detection CSMA
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