CBSE Class 10 Maths Notes Polynomial:-Download PDF Here
Class 10 Maths Chapter 2 Polynomial Notes
CBSE Class 10 Maths Chapter 2 Polynomial Notes are provided here in detail. Here, we are going to discuss the complete explanation of what is polynomial and its types, algebraic expressions, degree of a polynomial expression, graphical representation of the polynomial equations, factorization, relationship between zeroes and coefficient of a polynomial, and so on with many examples.
Students can refer to the short notes and MCQ questions along with separate solution pdf of this chapter for quick revision from the links below:
Algebraic Expressions
An algebraic expression is an expression made up of variables and constants along with mathematical operators.
An algebraic expression is a sum of terms, which are considered to be building blocks for expressions.
A term is a product of variables and constants. A term can be an algebraic expression in itself.
Examples of a term – 3, which is just a constant.
– 2x, which is the product of constant ‘2’ and the variable ‘x’
– 4xy, which is the product of the constant ‘4’ and the variables ‘x’ and ‘y’.
– 5x2y, which is the product of 5, x, x and y.
The constant in each term is referred to as the coefficient.
Example of an algebraic expression: 3x2y+4xy+5x+6 which is the sum of four terms: 3x2y, 4xy, 5x and 6.
An algebraic expression can have any number of terms. The coefficient in each term can be any real number. There can be any number of variables in an algebraic expression. The exponent on the variables, however, must be rational numbers.
To know more about Algebraic Expressions, visit here.
Polynomial
An algebraic expression can have exponents that are rational numbers. However, a polynomial is an algebraic expression in which the exponent on any variable is a whole number.
Let us consider a few more examples,
5x3+3x+1 is an example of a polynomial. It is an algebraic expression as well.
2x+3√x is an algebraic expression but not a polynomial. – since the exponent on x is 1/2, which is not a whole number.
To know more about polynomials, visit here.
Degree of a Polynomial
For a polynomial in one variable – the highest exponent on the variable in a polynomial is the degree of the polynomial.
Example: The degree of the polynomial x2+2x+3 is 2, as the highest power of x in the given expression is x2.
Consider another example, the degree of the polynomial x8 + 2x6 – 3x + 9 is 8 since the greatest power in the given expression is 8.
Types Of Polynomials
Polynomials can be classified based on the following.
a) Number of terms
b) Degree of the polynomial.
Types of Polynomials Based on the Number of Terms
a) Monomial – A polynomial with just one term. Example: 2x, 6x2, 9xy
b) Binomial – A polynomial with two unlike terms. Example: 4x2+x, 5x+4
a) Trinomial – A polynomial with three unlike terms. Example: x2+3x+4
Types of Polynomials based on Degree
Linear Polynomial
A polynomial whose degree is one is called a linear polynomial.
For example, 2x+1 is a linear polynomial.
Quadratic Polynomial
A polynomial of degree two is called a quadratic polynomial.
For example, 3x2+8x+5 is a quadratic polynomial.
To know more about the types of polynomials, click here.
For more information on Quadratic Polynomials, watch the below video
Cubic Polynomial
A polynomial of degree three is called a cubic polynomial.
For example, 2x3+5x2+9x+15 is a cubic polynomial.
Graphical Representations
Let us learn here how to represent polynomial equations on the graph.
Representing Equations on a Graph
Any equation can be represented as a graph on the Cartesian plane, where each point on the graph represents the x and y coordinates of the point that satisfies the equation. An equation can be seen as a constraint placed on the x and y coordinates of a point, and any point that satisfies that constraint will lie on the curve.
For example, the equation y = x, on a graph, will be a straight line that joins all the points which have their x coordinate equal to their y coordinate. Example – (1,1), (2,2) and so on.
Geometrical Representation of a Linear Polynomial
The graph of a linear polynomial is a straight line. It cuts the X-axis at exactly one point.