NCERT Exemplar Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 16 Chemistry in Everyday Life gives you advanced-level knowledge of the concepts covered in this chapter. It provides questions related to all the topics covered in this chapter that will help you understand the concepts thoroughly, which in turn will help you in scoring good marks in the board examination. NCERT exemplar solutions for Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 16 PDF are prepared by the subject experts at BYJU’S who have decades of experience in the respective field. This exemplar is the result of referring to various books, question papers and sample papers. Thus, practising these NCERT Exemplar Solutions will help students to prepare well for the Class 12 board examination as well as the graduate entrance examinations.
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I. Multiple Choice Questions (Type-I)
1. Which of the following statements is not correct.
(i) Some antiseptics can be added to soaps.
(ii) Dilute solutions of some disinfectants can be used as antiseptic.
(iii) Disinfectants are antimicrobial drugs.
(iv) Antiseptic medicines can be ingested.
Solution:
Option (iv) is the answer.
2. Which is the correct statement about birth control pills?
(i) Contain estrogen only.
(ii) Contain progesterone only.
(iii) Contain a mixture of estrogen and progesterone derivatives.
(iv) Progesterone enhances ovulation.
Solution:
Option (iii) is the answer.
3. Which statement about aspirin is not true
(i) Aspirin belongs to narcotic analgesics.
(ii) It is effective in relieving pain.
(iii) It has an anti-blood-clotting action.
(iv) It is a neurologically active drug.
Solution:
Option (i) is the answer.
4. The most useful classification of drugs for medicinal chemists is _________.
(i) based on chemical structure.
(ii) on the basis of drug action.
(iii) on the basis of molecular targets.
(iv) on the basis of the pharmacological effect.Solution:
Option (iii) is the answer.
5. Which of the following statements is correct?
(i) Some tranquilisers function by inhibiting the enzymes which catalyse
the degradation of noradrenaline.
(ii) Tranquilisers are narcotic drugs.
(iii) Tranquillizers are chemical compounds that do not affect the message
transfer from the nerve to the receptor.
(iv) Tranquilisers are chemical compounds that can relieve pain and fever.
Solution:
Option (i) is the answer.
6. Salvarsan is an arsenic-containing drug which was first used for the treatment of
____________.
(i) syphilis
(ii) typhoid
(iii) meningitis
(iv) dysentery
Solution:
Option (i) is the answer.
7. A narrow-spectrum antibiotic is active against _______________.
(i) gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria.
(ii) gram-negative bacteria only.
(iii) single organism or one disease.
(iv) both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
Solution:
Option (i) is the answer.
8. The compound that causes general antidepressant action on the central
nervous system belongs to the class of _____________.
(i) analgesics
(ii) tranquillizers
(iii) narcotic analgesics
(iv) antihistamines
Solution:
Option (ii) is the answer.
9. Compound which is added to soap to impart antiseptic properties is __________.
(i) sodium laurylsulphate
(ii) sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate
(iii) rosin
(iv) bithional
Solution:
Option (iv) is the answer.
10. Equanil is __________.
(i) artificial sweetener
(ii) tranquillizer
(iii) antihistamine
(iv) antifertility drug
Solution:
Option (ii) is the answer.
11. Which of the following enhances the leathering property of soap?
(i) Sodium carbonate
(ii) Sodium resinate
(iii) Sodium stearate
(iv) Trisodium phosphate
Solution:
Option (ii) is the answer.
12. Glycerol is added to soap. It functions ______________.
(i) as a filler.
(ii) to increase leathering.
(iii) to prevent rapid drying.
(iv) to make soap granules.
Solution:
Option ( iii) is the answer.
13. Which of the following is an example of liquid dishwashing detergent?
Solution:
Option (ii) is the answer.
14. Polyethyleneglycols are used in the preparation of which type of detergents?
(i) Cationic detergents
(ii) Anionic detergents
(iii) Non-ionic detergents
(iv) Soaps
Solution:
Option (iii) is the answer.
15. Which of the following is not a target molecule for drug function in the body?
(i) Carbohydrates
(ii) Lipids
(iii) Vitamins
(iv) Proteins
Solution:
Option (iii) is the answer.
16. Which of the following statements is not true about enzyme inhibitors?
(i) Inhibit the catalytic activity of the enzyme.
(ii) Prevent the binding of substrate.
(iii) Generally, a strong covalent bond is formed between an inhibitor and
an enzyme.
(iv) Inhibitors can be competitive or non-competitive.
Solution:
Option (iii) is the answer.
17. Which of the following chemicals can be added for sweetening of food items at
cooking temperature and does not provide calories?
(i) Sucrose
(ii) Glucose
(iii) Aspartame
(iv) Sucralose
Solution:
Option (iv) is the answer.
18. Which of the following will not enhance the nutritional value of food?
(i) Minerals
(ii) Artificial sweeteners
(iii) Vitamins
(iv) Aminoacids
Solution:
Option (ii) is the answer.
II. Multiple Choice Questions (Type-II)
Note: In the following questions, two or more options may be correct.
19. Which of the following statements are incorrect about receptor proteins?
(i) Majority of receptor proteins are embedded in the cell membranes.
(ii) The active site of receptor proteins opens on the inside region of the cell.
(iii) Chemical messengers are received at the binding sites of receptor
proteins.
(iv) The shape of the receptor doesn’t change during the attachment of the messenger.
Solution:
Option (ii) and (iv) are the answers.
20. Which of the following are not used as food preservatives?
(i) Table salt
(ii) Sodium hydrogen carbonate
(iii) Cane sugar
(iv) Benzoic acid
Solution:
Option (ii) and (iii) are the answers.
21. Compounds with antiseptic properties are ______________.
(i) CHCl3
(ii) CHI3
(iii) Boric acid
(iv) 0.3 ppm aqueous solution of Cl2
Solution:
Option (ii) and (iii) are the answers.
22. Which of the following statements about barbiturates is correct?
(i) Hypnotics or sleep-producing agents.
(ii) These are tranquillizers.
(iii) Non-narcotic analgesics.
(iv) Pain reduction without disturbing the nervous system.
Solution:
Option (i) and (ii) are the answers.
23. Which of the following are sulpha drugs?
(i) Sulphapyridine
(ii) Prontosil
(iii) Salvarsan
(iv) Nardil
Solution:
Option (i) and (ii) are the answers.
24. Which of the following are antidepressants?
(i) Iproniazid
(ii) Phenelzine
(iii) Equanil
(iv) Salvarsan
Solution:
Option (i), (ii) and (iii) are the answers.
25. Which of the following statements is incorrect about penicillin?
(i) An antibacterial fungus.
(ii) Ampicillin is its synthetic modification.
(iii) It has a bacteriostatic effect.
(iv) It is a broad-spectrum antibiotic.
Solution:
Option (iii) and (iv) are the answers.
26. Which of the following compounds are administered as antacids?
(i) Sodium carbonate
(ii) Sodium hydrogen carbonate
(iii) Aluminium carbonate
(iv) Magnesium hydroxide
Solution:
Option (ii) and (iv) are the answers.
27. Amongst the following antihistamines, which are antacids?
(i) Ranitidine
(ii) Brompheniramine
(iii) Terfenadine
(iv) Cimetidine
Solution:
Option (i) and (iv) are the answers.
28. Veronal and luminal are derivatives of barbituric acid, which are __________.
(i) Tranquillizers
(ii) Non-narcotic analgesic
(iii) Antiallergic drugs
(iv) Neurologically active drugs
Solution:
Option (i) and (iv) are the answers.
29. Which of the following are anionic detergents?
(i) Sodium salts of sulfonated long-chain alcohol.
(ii) Ester of stearic acid and polyethene glycol.
(iii) Quarternary ammonium salt of an amine with acetate ion.
(iv) Sodium salts of sulfonated long-chain hydrocarbons.
Solution:
Option (i) and (iv) are the answers.
30. Which of the following statements is correct?
(i) Cationic detergents have germicidal properties
(ii) Bacteria can degrade the detergents containing highly branched chains.
(iii) Some synthetic detergents can give foam even in ice-cold water.
(iv) Synthetic detergents are not soaps.
Solution:
Option (i), (iii) and (iv) are the answers.
III. Short Answer Type
31. What is the average molecular mass of drugs?
Solution:
Drugs have an average molecular mass of 100-500u.
32. Write the uses of medicines.
Solution:
Medicines have an important role in our day-to-day life. It cures diseases. There are various types of medicines present in the form of tablets, syrups, ointments etc. It promotes and maintains health.
33. What are antiseptics?
Solution:
Antiseptics are those which are applied to the living body to prevent the growth of microorganisms. It is used in the case of cuts or wounds.
34. Which type of drugs comes under antimicrobial drugs?
Solution:
Mainly antimicrobial drugs are used to treat microbial functions. Examples like antiseptics, sulpha drugs and antibiotics come under this category.
35. Where are receptors located?
Solution:
Receptors are located on the cell surface membrane or within the cytoplasm. They are biological transducers.
36. What is the harmful effect of hyperacidity?
Solution:
Hyperacidity can cause an ulcer or gastric reflux in the stomach. The main cause of hyperacidity is the secretion of acid in an excess amount.
37. Which site of an enzyme is called allosteric site?
Solution:
This is the site other than the active site in which the drugs can bind and cause its action. They regulate chemical reactions occurring in the human body.
38. What type of forces are involved in the binding of substrate to the active site of an enzyme?
Solution:
i) Van der Waal force
ii) hydrogen bonding
iii) dipole interactions
iv) ionic bonds etc., are involved in the binding of substrate.
39. What is the commonality between the antibiotic arsphenamine and azodye?
Solution:
The type of linkage possessed by the antibiotic arsphenamine is similar to that of azodye. antibiotic arsphenamine posses –As=As- linkage which is similar to –N=N- linkage in azodye.
40. Which class of drugs is used in sleeping pills?
Solution:
It contains tranquillizers as a drug which is designed for the treatment of fear, anxiety and mental distractions.
41. Aspirin is a pain-relieving antipyretic drug but can be used to prevent heart attacks. Explain.
Solution:
Aspirin prevents blood clotting in the heart as it has anti-blood-clotting action. This action helps in preventing heart attacks.
42. Both antacids and antiallergic drugs are antihistamines, but they cannot replace each other. Explain why?
Solution:
Antacids are used for the treatment of acid in the stomach, and antihistamines inhibit the action of histamine in the body. Both antacids and antiallergic drugs work on different receptors in the body, and hence they cannot replace each other.
43. What is a soft soap?
Solution:
They are easily soluble and contain potassium salts of fatty acids as a major component.
44. If the soap has high alkali content, it irritates the skin. How can the amount of excess alkali be determined? What can be the source of excess alkali?
Solution:
Excess of alkali can be found using acid-base titration.
The alkali that is formed during the hydrolyses of oil during soap preparation may be a cause of excess alkali in the soap.
45. Explain why some times foaming is seen in river water near the place where sewage water is poured after treatment?
Solution:
The foam is due to the non-biodegradable detergents which are present in water after sewage treatment. A detergent is a water-soluble cleansing agent which combines with impurities and dirt to make them more soluble.
46. Which category of synthetic detergents is used in toothpaste?
Solution:
Anionic detergents are used in toothpaste to clean teeth and form suitable foam. Eg: sodium or ammonium lauryl sulphate
47. Hair shampoos belong to which class of synthetic detergent?
Solution:
Cationic detergents are used in hair shampoos. eg: cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. Cationic detergents are quarternary ammonium salts of acetates, chlorides or bromides.
48. Dishwashing soaps are synthetic detergents. What is their chemical nature?
Solution:
Detergents are synthetic detergents which contain non-ionic detergents that have cleansing properties. They combine with dirt and impurities and make them soluble.
49. Draw the diagram showing micelle formation by the following detergent. CH3(CH2)10CH2OSO3-Na+
Solution:
50. How does the branching of the hydrocarbon chain of synthetic detergents affect their biodegradability?
Solution:
The lesser the branching, the lesser the non-polluting nature of the detergent and an increase in branching causes the polluting nature of the detergent to increase.
51. Why is it safer to use soap from an environmental point of view?
Solution:
When compared to detergents, soaps are safer to use and are biodegradable. It doesn’t have a polluting nature.
52. What are analgesics?
Solution:
The analgesic drug is a neurologically active drug which is used to reduce pain. They don’t have any side effects.
53. What is the scientific explanation for the feeling of depression?
Solution;
A hormone called Noradrenaline controls mood swings. Depression can be caused due to a low level of noradrenaline, which hampers the signal activities in the brain.
54. What is the basic difference between antiseptics and disinfectants?
Solution:
1. Antiseptics are applied to living tissues, whereas disinfectants are applied to non-living substances
2. Antiseptics are antimicrobial, whereas disinfectants are anti-microbial too
3. Antiseptics are applied on cuts or wounds, whereas disinfectants are used on floors, toilets etc.
55. Between sodium hydrogen carbonate and magnesium hydroxide, which is a better antacid and why?
Solution:
Magnesium hydroxide is a better antacid because it maintains a pH level in the stomach and is insoluble in the stomach. It does not make the stomach alkaline, whereas sodium hydrogen carbonate makes the stomach alkaline.
Class 12 Chemistry NCERT Exemplar Problems for Chemistry in Everyday Life
Chemistry in Everyday Life is one of the easiest and most interesting chapters of CBSE Class 12. In this chapter, students will learn how chemical compounds are helping humanity to live and stay healthy.
Important Topics Covered in Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 16 Chemistry in Everyday Life
- Drugs and Their Classification
- Drug-Target Interaction
- Therapeutic Action of Different Classes of Drugs
- Chemicals in Food
- Cleansing Agents.
To understand the chapter in-depth and score good marks in the board exam, solve NCERT Exemplar Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 16 Chemistry in Everyday Life. Students must be thorough with all the concepts covered in this chapter to solve related questions confidently. Exemplar Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 16 given here will help them to get acquainted with the best answers for the respective questions and also develop problem-solving abilities.
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