Phytochrome is a plant pigment that detects the absence or presence of light. It is involved in regulating several processes that are associated... View Article
Totipotency is the capacity of a living somatic plant cell to develop into a complete plant. Steward first illustrated this using carrot (phloem... View Article
The telomeres of eukaryotic chromosomes comprise short sequences of guanine rich repeats. In eukaryotes, the telomeres are extremely conserved... View Article
It is the endoplasmic reticulum. The proteins which form on ribosomes move into the endoplasmic reticulum lumen (here they are modified).... View Article
The simple answer to it is a proton gradient. Mitchell proposed the idea of chemiosmotic coupling. The chemiosmotic coupling hypothesis is a... View Article
Centromere is the point at which the two chromatids of a chromosome are held together. The spindle fibres (on which the chromatids move), during... View Article
Ribosomes are very tiny organelles with a diameter of 150 Å – 250 Å. Each ribosome comprises two subunits, a larger and a smaller subunit. These... View Article
Plasmodesmata are tiny cytoplasmic strands connecting the protoplasts of neighbouring plant cells by moving through their cell walls. They are... View Article
Each mitochondrion is a double membrane bound structure with the inner and outer membrane distinctly dividing their lumen into two aqueous... View Article
Ribosomes are found in all living cells except for the mammalian erythrocytes (red blood corpuscles). Ribosomes are of two types, depending upon... View Article
Chromoplasts are reddish or yellow in colour due to the presence of carotenoid pigments. Chromoplasts are formed either from chloroplasts or... View Article
Glycocalyx is a sticky, gelatinous substance collecting outside the cell wall of bacteria forming an added surface layer. When this layer is... View Article
The osmotic expansion of a cell kept in water is mainly regulated by vacuoles. Vacuoles are non- cytoplasmic areas found in the cytoplasm. They... View Article
An inclusion body is any of different particulate structures, typically proteins. They are formed after viral infections in a eukaryotic or... View Article
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) is a system of smooth membranes, these membranes lack ribosomes. They are found within the cytoplasm of animal... View Article
Chloroplasts and mitochondria are semi-autonomous organelles possessing their own DNA producing their own tRNA, mRNA and rRNA. Such organelles... View Article
Lysosomes are tiny vesicles, bound by one membrane. It contains hydrolytic enzymes in the form of tiny semi-crystalline or crystalline granules... View Article
Pili and fimbriae are bacterial appendages, they are not involved in locomotion. Pili are long, lesser and thicker tubular outgrowths developing... View Article
Mitochondria are small biochemical factories where respiratory substrates or foodstuffs are completely oxidized to water and carbon dioxide.... View Article
