Cytochromes are haem-proteins. They act as an electron carriers and are involved in the redox reaction in the living system. They are involved in... View Article
Most of the ATP during cellular respiration is produced by oxidative phosphorylation in the electron transport system. 34 out of 38 total ATPs... View Article
The respiratory organ of birds is a pair of lungs. Air sacs are connected to the lungs and supplement respiration. Also Check: Do Lungs Have... View Article
The respiratory membrane is the surface where gaseous exchange between alveoli and blood occurs in the lungs. It is a thin membrane composed of... View Article
The preferred respiratory substrate is glucose. All the carbohydrates are first converted into glucose and then enter cellular respiration.... View Article
Photorespiration wastes energy and decreases sugar synthesis. Photorespiration competes with the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis. RuBisCO... View Article
The upper respiratory tract includes the nose, nasal passages, pharynx and larynx. The lower respiratory tract includes the trachea, bronchi,... View Article
When there is a trigger, such as exposure to an allergen, the wall of airways, especially bronchi and bronchioles swell and inflame. This leads... View Article
In emphysema, the alveolar walls are damaged resulting in a drastic reduction in the alveolar surface area, which is involved in respiratory gas... View Article
Asthma is caused due to inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles, leading to breathing difficulties and wheezing. It is triggered by various... View Article
Emphysema is caused mainly due to cigarette smoking. It is a chronic disorder in which alveolar walls are damaged so the respiratory surface... View Article
The partial pressure of O2, CO2, H+ concentration and temperature are the factors that affect the binding of oxygen and haemoglobin. In alveoli,... View Article
The partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli of the lungs is more than that in the blood. pO2 in alveoli is 104 mm Hg, whereas in oxygenated... View Article
Residual volume is the volume of air, which remains in the lungs even after forceful expiration. Due to residual volume, alveoli do not collapse.... View Article
70 percent of carbon dioxide is transported as bicarbonate. 20-25 percent carbon dioxide is transported by RBCs as carbamino-haemoglobin, i.e.... View Article
The main principle of fermentation is to derive energy from carbohydrates in the absence of oxygen. Glucose is first partially oxidised to... View Article
Alcoholic fermentation is an anaerobic process. In this process, sugar is converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide. This is accomplished by... View Article
Fermentation is an energetically inefficient process and also is hazardous. When the concentration of alcohol reaches about 13 per cent, yeast... View Article
Fermentation is wasteful as very little energy (<7%) is released and trapped in the form of ATP. Moreover, it produces acid or alcohol, which... View Article